I do bitmap separations all the time, there's many methods (spot, spot halftone, simulated process, index) and techniques you can use all depending on the design and the print needs. All the separation is done in a bitmap editor (i use Adobe Photoshop)most often using channels to build your 'plates'.
the print quality/clarity for bitmap images is dependent on resolution (and how clean the original design is, "garbage in = garbage out"), you would want at least 300dpi for a clean line.