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is it legal to print and sell t-shirt with celebrity faces on them?

88034 Views 42 Replies 15 Participants Last post by  kimura-mma
I'm planning to screen print a few sweatshirts which include celebrity faces on them. Is that legal or does it need some kind of authorisation? I've seen them being sold at market stalls and I cant imagine them going through any legal processes. Cheers

Any help is appreciated
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Search the forum, there are a zillion threads which all say 'No, it isn't legal'.
'I saw it on a market stall' is not considered a legal defence except in a Shanghai bar.
There are trademarks, copyright and personal rights to your likeness.
Any celeb t-shirt breaks at least 2 out of 3.
I'm planning to screen print a few sweatshirts which include celebrity faces on them.
There are a lot of legalities involved. You should consult with an intellectual property attorney before proceeding.

Is that legal or does it need some kind of authorisation?
It is illegal unless you are licensed by the appropriate IP owners.

All photos (regardless of what the image is of) are copyrighted by the photographer. So to use a photo that you didn't take requires license or permission for the copyright owner.

All people (regardless if they are famous or not) have Right of Publicity, which grants them the exclusive right to profit off their own name and likeness. So to use someone's name and likeness requires license or permission from the person (or estate if they are deceased). One common exception to this is the use of political figures. While they are technically allowed to sue for violation of publicity rights, they generally do not for concerns of damaging their reputation.

And in some cases, using celebrities without permission could also infringe upon existing registered trademarks.

I've seen them being sold at market stalls
Some of it is probably legal, some of it is probably illegal.

and I cant imagine them going through any legal processes.
Out of curiosity, why do you think this way?
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Cheers Tim, alot of helpful information there. I think that way because of the price it's being sold for, seems like it wouldn't be worth paying for any authorisation. Also alot of illegal goods can be sold in a market without being discovered right away, so I just thought it was unlikely that they would bother going through any legal processes.
Yeah, if they are designing the shirts themselves, then there's a decent chance they are illegal. Because licensing can be expensive and difficult to get.

But often times those products are actually purchased through licensed wholesale distributors. It's possible to purchase screen printed shirts or even purchase heat transfers that can be applied to shirts. So while it sometimes seems unlikely, it is possible they could be legal. Because purchasing through licensed distributors is not expensive or difficult.
If you photograph or illustrate a celeb and they're in the public domain, I don't see why you couldn't use that on a shirt design.

Politicians are fair game, why not other famous people?

Am I wrong?
If you photograph or illustrate a celeb and they're in the public domain, I don't see why you couldn't use that on a shirt design.

Politicians are fair game, why not other famous people?

Am I wrong?
I think Tim answered your question here.

All people (regardless if they are famous or not) have Right of Publicity, which grants them the exclusive right to profit off their own name and likeness. So to use someone's name and likeness requires license or permission from the person (or estate if they are deceased). One common exception to this is the use of political figures. While they are technically allowed to sue for violation of publicity rights, they generally do not for concerns of damaging their reputation.
Actually I asked this question awhile back that if I as a photographer took a picture of a famous person (I own the pic since I took it) then can I as a printer use my own photo on a shirt and sell it....the answer was NO.

Hope this helps.
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If you photograph or illustrate a celeb and they're in the public domain, I don't see why you couldn't use that on a shirt design.
"Public domain" does not refer to public figures, it refers to works that are not covered by intellectual property rights.

While copyrights or trademarks could be released into public domain for a variety of reasons, it is very rare for a person to release their own name and likeness (keep in mind, right of publicity is not intellectual property gained by creating or selling something or registering with a federal authority, it is legal right given to all people). In fact, it is more common for a celebrity to increase the value of their image by licensing it, not decreasing the value by releasing it to public domain.

For images that are in the public domain, it just means that the copyright of the image has been released so that others are allowed to use it for any purpose. But that does not grant any license to use any intellectual property that is within the content of the image. For instance, if I take a pic of Derek Jeter and release it into the public domain, that does not mean someone can make Derek Jeter t-shirts. His right of publicity still applies and the legalities of Major League Baseball trademarks, copyrights and merchandise licenses still apply.

Politicians are fair game, why not other famous people?
Politicians are not fair game. They still have right of publicity just like anyone else. They just choose to not pursue legal action when their rights are violated. But they in no way officially waive their legal rights.
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Would it make any difference if the image was modified?
Would it make any difference if the image was modified?
From a copyright perspective, there are laws regarding derivative works, parody and fair use. None of which actually makes using copyrighted images legal, but they offer you a legal defense if you are sued for infringement.

From a right of publicity perspective, you would have to make the celebrity unidentifiable to make it legal. Which would, of course, defeat the purpose of using their image. If someone can tell who the person is, then it is illegal regardless of whether the original image is modified or not.
This question gets done to death three times a week, the answer's short & simple.
This question gets done to death three times a week
Very true. But I'm a sucker for it every time.

the answer's short & simple.
The answer may be a short & simple "no," but I like to give some reasoning and information behind the answer. Personally, I think that's what this forum is all about.
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Very true. But I'm a sucker for it every time.
The answer may be a short & simple "no," but I like to give some reasoning and information behind the answer. Personally, I think that's what this forum is all about.
Dave & Tim

I agree the topic is brought up several times a week but if I understand Rodney's philosophy on TSF he would rather the question(s) is answered rather than just telling someone to use the search and your questions will be answered.

It would be different if it was the same person asking the same question over and over but it's not, and a lot of people have trouble using the search function of the board for some reason.

I'm still learning all the ins and outs of IP and thanks to these posts myself and others are becoming "well educated" on the subject, and yes while the answer is almost always a resounding NO, it still needs to be said. I'm very thankful to have knowledgeable people here on TSF like you guys it does make a difference in the quality of the info even if it is redundant sometimes.

JMHO
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I got bored of answering the same question about exposure time so I wrote and posted an article here, then you can just refer the questioner to it. Perhaps Tim would like to take it on?
I got bored of answering the same question about exposure time so I wrote and posted an article here, then you can just refer the questioner to it. Perhaps Tim would like to take it on?
David.....I think that's a excellent idea, even if it's just a quick reference that could be linked to along with a reply to the OP...since there are so many questions maybe Rodney would even make it a featured topic.

That's two votes Tim....LOL!:)
I would be happy to post an article. I'd like to get Rodney's ok first. While I have experience with this topic, I'm not an attorney and don't want anything taken as official legal advice.
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We just need to cut and paste Solmu's 'Some are doing it and get caught...' speech plus a few links to other posts :)
I got bored of answering the same question about exposure time so I wrote and posted an article here, then you can just refer the questioner to it. Perhaps Tim would like to take it on?
Thanks, Dave. I would love to read your exogesis on using celebrity likenesses.

But if your so bored and annoyed with those starting out, perhaps you should confine yourself to conversations with other adults.

btw, when Shepard Fairey goes to court in March, it could change things as far as "fair use" goes ... It's not like this issue is set in concrete.
Thanks, Dave. I would love to read your exegesis on using celebrity likenesses.

But if your so bored and annoyed with those starting out, perhaps you should confine yourself to conversations with other adults.

btw, when Shepard Fairey goes to court in March, it could change things as far as "fair use" goes ... It's not like this issue is set in concrete.
Nothing is in stone until the judge gives his verdict, meanwhile I can do no better than to quote Solmu:

  • Some do whatever they want and wait for the cease and desist letter (and hope the company doesn't skip over it)
  • Some can afford lawyers to defend on the basis of parody, etc.
  • Some are in the process of getting sued and losing
  • Some are in the process of getting sued and winning
  • Some are just lucky and not getting caught
  • Some are just lucky and not getting caught... yet
  • Some will plan to settle out of court
  • Some are ignorant of the law and don't realise the world of hurt that is coming
  • Some are carefully staying on the right side of the legal divide
  • Some are carefully staying on the right side of the legal divide, but will be sued anyway, and unable to afford an adequate legal defense even though what they were doing was theoretically legal.
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