You can export the entire image from Inkscape in PNG format (which can be read by Photoshop) by choosing File-Export Bitmap.
If you wish to keep your text on a separate layer, hide the text layer in Inkscape and export the artwork alone, then hide the artwork layer and export the text to a separate file. In both cases, you want to select the Page option in Inkscape's Export Bitmap dialog box.
In Photoshop, open the artwork that you exported from Inkscape. Choose View-Fit to Screen. With the artwork open in Photoshop, choose File-Place and select the exported text layer file. Press the Place button and then hit the Return key. You will not be able to edit the text other than via the normal bitmap manipulations but it will come into Photoshop on a separate layer and properly aligned with the image.