Discuss the various aspects of heat press technology. Transfer paper, inks, plastisol transfers, vinyl cutters, printers, commercial usage, durability, suppliers, etc.
Typically Tyvek. But depending on the event, paper is usually used.
There are a lot of places that print them. Do a google on running bibs. My guess is they use the same type of printing press you would use for envelopes, paper, etc.